Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Case Study

Adrenal Cortical Neoplasm with Uncertain Malignant Potential Arising in the Heterotopic Adrenal Cortex in the Liver of a Patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Eun Na Kim, Dong Eun Song, Hee Mang Yoon, Beom Hee Lee, Chong Jai Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(2):129-135. Published online November 26, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.11.13

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Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are predisposed to developing embryonal tumors, with hepatoblastoma being the most common type. Our patient showed hemihypertrophy, macroglossia, and paternal uniparental disomy in chromosome 11 and was diagnosed with BWS. When the patient was 9 months old, a 2.5×1.5 cm oval hypoechoic exophytic mass was detected in the inferior tip of his right liver. Preoperative imaging identified it as hepatoblastoma; however, histologic, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopic findings were compatible with adrenal cortical neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential. The origin of the adrenal tissue seemed to be heterotopic. Here, we describe for the first time an adrenal cortical neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential arising in the heterotopic adrenal cortex located in the liver of a patient with BWS.

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Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome: Clinical, histopathological and molecular study of two Tunisian patients and review of literature
Hela Sassi, Yasmina Elaribi, Houweyda Jilani, Imen Rejeb, Syrine Hizem, Molka Sebai, Nadia Kasdallah, Habib Bouthour, Samia Hannachi, Jasmin Beygo, Ali Saad, Karin Buiting, Dorra H’mida Ben‐Brahim, Lamia BenJemaa
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Adrenocortical Tumors in Children With Constitutive Chromosome 11p15 Paternal Uniparental Disomy: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Emilia Modolo Pinto, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Catherine G. Lam, Robert E. Ruiz, Gerard P. Zambetti, Raul C. Ribeiro
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Brief Case Report

Wharton Jelly Hair in a Case of Umbilical Cord Stricture and Fetal Death: Eun Na Kim, Jae-Yoon Shim, Chong Jai Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(2):145-147. Published online November 14, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.10.24

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Loss of Wharton's jelly and fibrosis in umbilical cord stricture area: A case report
Alžbeta Blichárová, Ľudmila Verbóová, Zuzana Benetinová, Tibor Mátyás, Richard Bašista, Vladimír Tancoš, Patrícia Kollárová
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine.2023; 96: 102512. CrossRef

Original Articles

C-reactive Protein Overexpression in the Background Liver of Hepatitis B Virus–Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is a Prognostic Biomarker: Jin Ho Shin, Eunsil Yu, Eun Na Kim, Chong Jai Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):267-274. Published online July 27, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.14

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Abstract PDF

Background
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and CRP overexpression in HCC cells are proven to be prognostic markers for HCC, but the significance of CRP expression in non-neoplastic hepatocytes, which are the primary origin of CRP, has not been studied. This study was conducted to determine the clinicopathologic significance of CRP immunoreactivity in the background liver of HBV-associated HCC.
Methods
CRP immunostaining was done on tissue microarrays of non-neoplastic liver tissues obtained from surgically resected, treatment-naïve HBV-associated HCCs (n = 156). The relationship between CRP immunoreactivity and other clinicopathologic parameters including cancer-specific survival was analyzed. CRP immunoreactivity was determined using a 4-tier grading system: grades 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Results
CRP was positive in 139 of 156 cases (89.1%) of non-neoplastic liver in patients with HCCs: grade 1 in 83 cases (53.2%); grade 2 in 50 cases (32.1%); and grade 3 in six cases (3.8%). The patients with diffuse CRP immunoreactivity (grade 3) had decreased cancer-specific survival (p = .031) and a tendency for shorter interval before early recurrence (p = .050). The degree of CRP immunoreactivity correlated with serum CRP concentration (p < .001).
Conclusions
CRP immunoreactivity in non-neoplastic liver is a novel biomarker for poor cancer-specific survival of HBV-associated HCC and correlates with serum CRP concentration.

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Ferritin and procalcitonin serve as discriminative inflammatory biomarkers and can predict the prognosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in its early stages
Keping Chen, Huidi Sun, Yu Geng, Chuankun Yang, Chun Shan, Yuxin Chen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Serum Ferritin, Procalcitonin, and C-Reactive Protein for the Prediction of Severity and Mortality in Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
Lihe Che, Zedong Wang, Na Du, Liang Li, Yinghua Zhao, Kaiyu Zhang, Quan Liu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Hepatocellular adenomas: recent updates
Haeryoung Kim, Young Nyun Park
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2021; 55(3): 171. CrossRef
A prospective follow-up study of the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and primary liver cancer
Sarah Tan Siyin, Tong Liu, Wenqiang Li, Nan Yao, Guoshuai Xu, Jun Qu, Yajun Chen
BMC Cancer.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
CRP Levels in Viral Hepatitis: A Meta-Analysis Study
Sukhpal Singh, Abhishek Bansal, Pardeep Kumar
International Journal of Infection.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Chronic Placental Inflammation as a Risk Factor of Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity: Chae Young Kim, Euiseok Jung, Eun Na Kim, Chong Jai Kim, Joo Yong Lee, Ji Hye Hwang, Woo Sun Song, Byong Sop Lee, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, Ki-Soo Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):290-297. Published online July 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.09

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Abstract PDF

Background
Chronic placental inflammation (CPI) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases in premature infants, whereas retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major complication primarily affecting preterm and very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. This study aims to investigate the association between CPI and ROP in VLBW infants.
Methods
We performed a retrospective review of clinical records of VLBW infants born between 2013 and 2016. Placental pathology findings including CPI cases were analyzed using logistic regression to study infants’ morbidities and other clinical characteristics.
Results
A total of 402 infants with a mean (standard deviation) gestational age of 28.5 (2.8) weeks and birth weight of 1,027.2 (304.4) g were included. The incidence of ROP was 24.1%. CPI was found in 90 infants (22.4%), among which 28.9% (26 of 90) developed ROP, and 21.1% (19 of 90) underwent laser photocoagulation. Lower gestational age, lower birth weight, longer duration of oxygen supply, and presence of CPI were associated with the development of ROP. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, sex, duration of oxygen supply, and other overlapping placental pathology, CPI was associated with the odds for type 1 ROP that required laser photocoagulation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.739; 95% confidence interval, 1.112 to 6.749; p = .029).
Conclusions
CPI was associated with severe ROP requiring treatment with laser photocoagulation in VLBW infants.

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Retinopathy prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis study based on neonatal and maternal risk factors
Tahereh Bahmani, Arezoo Karimi, Nazanin Rezaei, Salman Daliri
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.2024; 35(25): 8032. CrossRef
Retinopathy of prematurity and placental histopathology findings: A retrospective cohort study
Sam Ebenezer Athikarisamy, Geoffrey C. Lam, Matthew N. Cooper, Tobias Strunk
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of clinical factors associated with timing and duration of spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity not requiring treatment
Jamee Schoephoerster, Sydney Roston, Scott Lunos, Sara E. Ramel, Jill Anderson, Michael K. Georgieff, Ellen C. Ingolfsland
Journal of Perinatology.2023; 43(6): 702. CrossRef
Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation
Xudong Wang, Tianxi Wang, Enton Lam, David Alvarez, Ye Sun
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(15): 12090. CrossRef
Histological Chorioamnionitis and Funisitis as New Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Meta-analysis
Salma El Emrani, Esther J.S. Jansen, Jelle J. Goeman, Enrico Lopriore, Jacqueline U.M. Termote, Nicoline E. Schalij-Delfos, Lotte E. van der Meeren
American Journal of Perinatology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms
Kristin Krueger, Elke Boehme, Alexa Karina Klettner, Marietta Zille
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.2022; 62(27): 7518. CrossRef
Diallyl Trisulfide Promotes Placental Angiogenesis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammatory Responses in Obese Pregnant Mice
Miaomiao Wang, Zhaoyu Wang, Yueyue Miao, Hongkui Wei, Jian Peng, Yuanfei Zhou
Nutrients.2022; 14(11): 2230. CrossRef
Risk factors for the development of retinopathy in premature infants
O.Yu. Obolonska, L.I. Vakulenko, L.P. Badogina, O.I. Obolonskyi, I.A. Likhachova, O.V. Kovryga
CHILD`S HEALTH.2022; 17(3): 138. CrossRef
Development of the genomic inflammatory index (GII) to assess key maternal antecedents associated with placental inflammation
Kirsi S. Oldenburg, Lauren A. Eaves, Lisa Smeester, Hudson P. Santos, T. Michael O'Shea, Rebecca C. Fry
Placenta.2021; 111: 82. CrossRef
Risk Factors Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very and Extremely Preterm Infants
Claudia Ioana Borțea, Florina Stoica, Marioara Boia, Emil Radu Iacob, Mihai Dinu, Roxana Iacob, Daniela Iacob
Medicina.2021; 57(5): 420. CrossRef
Efficacy of Aflibercept Treatment and Its Effect on the Retinal Perfusion in the Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Mouse Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Sarina M. Amin, Andres Gonzalez, Jade Guevara, Charlotte Bolch, Lorick Andersen, W. Clay Smith, Swati Agarwal-Sinha
Ophthalmic Research.2021; 64(1): 91. CrossRef
A pilot randomised clinical trial of 670 nm red light for reducing retinopathy of prematurity
Alison L. Kent, Mohamed E. Abdel-Latif, Timothy Cochrane, Margaret Broom, Jane E. Dahlstrom, Rohan W. Essex, Bruce Shadbolt, Riccardo Natoli
Pediatric Research.2020; 87(1): 131. CrossRef
Exercise prevents the adverse effects of maternal obesity on placental vascularization and fetal growth
Jun Seok Son, Xiangdong Liu, Qiyu Tian, Liang Zhao, Yanting Chen, Yun Hu, Song Ah Chae, Jeanene M. de Avila, Mei‐Jun Zhu, Min Du
The Journal of Physiology.2019; 597(13): 3333. CrossRef
Cumulative evidence for association of sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity
Jichong Huang, Ying Tang, Tingting Zhu, Yafei Li, Hua Chun, Yi Qu, Dezhi Mu
Medicine.2019; 98(42): e17512. CrossRef

Diagnostic Significance of Cellular Neuroglial Tissue in Ovarian Immature Teratoma: Yun Chai, Chang Gok Woo, Joo-Young Kim, Chong Jai Kim, Shin Kwang Khang, Jiyoon Kim, In Ah Park, Eun Na Kim, Kyu-Rae Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(1):49-55. Published online October 14, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.09.19

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Abstract PDF

Background
Immature teratoma (IT) is a tumor containing immature neuroectodermal tissue, primarily in the form of neuroepithelial tubules. However, the diagnosis of tumors containing only cellular neuroglial tissue (CNT) without distinct neuroepithelial tubules is often difficult, since the histological characteristics of immature neuroectodermal tissues remain unclear. Here, we examined the significance of CNT and tried to define immature neuroectodermal tissues by comparing the histological features of neuroglial tissues between mature teratoma (MT) and IT.
Methods
The histological features of neuroglial tissue, including the cellularity, border between the neuroglial and adjacent tissues, cellular composition, mitotic index, Ki-67 proliferation rate, presence or absence of tissue necrosis, vascularity, and endothelial hyperplasia, were compared between 91 MT and 35 IT cases.
Results
CNTs with a cellularity grade of ≥ 2 were observed in 96% of IT cases and 4% of MT cases (p < .001); however, CNT with a cellularity grade of 3 in MT cases was confined to the histologically distinct granular layer of mature cerebellar tissue. Moreover, CNT in IT exhibited significantly higher rates of Ki-67 proliferation, mitoses, and necrosis than those in MT (p < .001). Furthermore, an infiltrative border of neuroglial tissue and glomeruloid endothelial hyperplasia were significantly more frequent in IT cases than in MT cases (p < .001).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that if CNT with a cellularity grade of ≥ 2 is not a component of cerebellar tissue, such cases should be diagnosed as IT containing immature neuroectodermal tissue, particularly if they exhibit an infiltrative border, mitoses, necrosis, and increased Ki-67 proliferation.

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Immature Teratoma: Diagnosis and Management—A Review of the Literature
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Congenital Immature Grade ΙΙΙ Teratoma of the Neck: A Case Report
Nazneen Liaqat, Israr Ud Din, Zeeshan Ali, Majid Rashid, Afsheen Liaqat
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Benign ovarian teratoma in the dog with predominantly nervous tissue: A case report
P Makovicky, AV Makarevich, P Makovicky, A Seidavi, L Vannucci, K Rimarova
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Fascin as a Useful Marker for Identifying Neural Components in Immature Teratomas of Human Ovary and Those Derived From Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
Ryunosuke Umehara, Atsushi Kurata, Masakatsu Takanashi, Hirotsugu Hashimoto, Koji Fujita, Toshitaka Nagao, Masahiko Kuroda
International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.2019; 38(4): 377. CrossRef
Cerebellar Differentiation in Ovarian Teratoma: A Report of 6 Cases
Colin J.R. Stewart, Maxine L. Crook
International Journal of Gynecological Pathology.2018; 37(4): 316. CrossRef
Mitotic activity of epithelia of ectoand entodermal types in spontaneous and experimental teratomas of mice
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Medical academic journal.2018; 18(4): 42. CrossRef
Ovarian cystectomy in the treatment of apparent early-stage immature teratoma
Ting Zhao, Yan Liu, Xiao Wang, Hao Zhang, Yuan Lu
Journal of International Medical Research.2017; 45(2): 771. CrossRef

Case Study

A Pyloric Gland-Phenotype Ovarian Mucinous Tumor Resembling Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia in a Patient with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Eun Na Kim, Gu-Hwan Kim, Jiyoon Kim, In Ah Park, Jin Ho Shin, Yun Chai, Kyu-Rae Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(2):159-164. Published online August 22, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.07.01

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Abstract PDF

We describe an ovarian mucinous neoplasm that histologically resembles lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) containing pyloric gland type mucin in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). Although ovarian mucinous tumors rarely occur in PJS patients, their pyloric gland phenotype has not been clearly determined. The histopathologic features of the ovarian mucinous tumor were reminiscent of LEGH. The cytoplasmic mucin was stained with periodic acid-Schiff reaction after diastase treatment but was negative for Alcian blue pH 2.5, suggesting the presence of neutral mucin. Immunohistochemically, the epithelium expressed various gastric markers, including MUC6, HIK1083, and carbonic anhydrase-IX. Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification detected a germline heterozygous deletion mutation at exons 1–7 of the STK11 gene (c.1-?_920+?del) in peripheral blood leukocytes and mosaic loss of heterozygosity in ovarian tumor tissue. Considering that LEGH and/or gastric-type cervical adenocarcinoma can be found in patients with PJS carrying germline and/or somatic STK11 mutations, our case indicates that STK11 mutations have an important role in the proliferation of pyloric-phenotype mucinous epithelium at various anatomical locations.

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